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Phoroneus


In Greek mythology, Phoroneus /fəˈrɒnˌjs/ (Φορωνεύς) was a culture-hero of the Argolid, fire-bringer, primordial king of Argos and son of the river god Inachus and either Melia, the Oceanid or Argia, the embodiment of the Argolid itself: "Inachus, son of Oceanus, begat Phoroneus by his sister Argia," wrote Hyginus, in Fabulae 143. Hyginus' genealogy expresses the position of Phoroneus as one of the primordial men, whose local identities differed in the various regions of Greece, and who had for a mother the essential spirit of the very earth of Argos herself, Argia. He was the primordial king in the Peloponnesus, authorized by Zeus: "Formerly Zeus himself had ruled over men, but Hermes created a confusion of human speech, which spoiled Zeus' pleasure in this Rule". Phoroneus introduced both the worship of Hera and the use of fire and the forge. Poseidon and Hera had vied for the land: when the primeval waters had receded, Phoroneus "was the first to gather the people together into a community; for they had up to then been living as scattered and lonesome families". (Pausanias).

Phoroneus was said to have been married to Cinna, or Cerdo, or Teledice (or Laodice) the nymph, or Perimede, or first to Peitho and second to Europe, and to have fathered a number of children, some of whom are dealt with below; others include Apis (Greek mythology), Car,Chthonia, Clymenus, Sparton,Lyrcus and Europs, an illegitimate son. An unnamed daughter of his is said to have consorted with Hecaterus.


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