Philippe le Bel
| Philip the Fair | |
|---|---|
 |
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| King of France | |
| Reign | 5 October 1285 – 29 November 1314 |
| Coronation | 6 January 1286, Reims |
| Predecessor | Philip III |
| Successor | Louis X |
|
King of Navarre with Joan I |
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| Reign | 16 August 1284–4 April 1305 |
| Predecessor | Joan I |
| Successor | Louis X |
| Born | April–June 1268 Fontainebleau, France |
| Died | 29 November 1314 (aged 46) Fontainebleau, France |
| Burial | Saint Denis Basilica |
| Spouse | Joan I of Navarre |
| Issue |
Louis X, King of France Philip V, King of France Charles IV, King of France Isabella, Queen of England |
| House | Capet |
| Father | Philip III, King of France |
| Mother | Isabella of Aragon |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel, Basque: Filipe Ederra) or the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer), was King of France from 1285 until his death. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also Philip I, King of Navarre from 1284 to 1305. He also briefly ruled the County of Champagne in right of his wife, although after his accession as king in 1285 the county remained under the sole governance of his wife until 1305, and then his son, Louis until 1314.
Philip relied on skillful civil servants, such as Guillaume de Nogaret and Enguerrand de Marigny, to govern the kingdom rather than on his barons. Philip and his advisors were instrumental in the transformation of France from a feudal country to a centralized state. Philip, who sought an uncontested monarchy, compelled his vassals by wars and restricted feudal usages. His ambitions made him highly influential in European affairs. His goal was to place his relatives on foreign thrones. Princes from his house ruled in Naples and Hungary. He tried and failed to make another relative the Holy Roman Emperor. He began the long advance of France eastward by taking control of scattered fiefs.
The most notable conflicts of Philip's reign include a dispute with Edward I of England, who was also his vassal as the Duke of Aquitaine, and a war with the County of Flanders, which gained temporary autonomy following Philip’s defeat at the Battle of the Golden Spurs (1302). To further strengthen the monarchy, he tried to control the French clergy and entered in conflict with Pope Boniface VIII. This conflict led to the transfer of the papal court to the enclave of Avignon in 1309.
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