Duke Philipp of Württemberg (July 30, 1838 – October 11, 1917) was a German prince, head of the Roman Catholic cadet branch of the dynasty which ruled the Kingdom of Württemberg. He was the son of Duke Alexander and of Princess Marie d'Orléans, a daughter of Louis Philippe, King of the French. His mother died when the boy was a few months old, causing him to be raised by his grandparents in Paris. When he was ten, the Royal family of France had to flee from France, staying in exile in Great Britain.

Duke Philipp became engaged to Princess Sophie in Bavaria, sister of the Empress Elisabeth of Austria. But the Duke dissolved the engagement. He got married with Archduchess Maria Theresia, and the couple had a splendid palace built at he Ringstrasse in Vienna. They moved in in 1865, but as Duchess Marie Therese never liked the palace it was sold to a banker and investor in 1871. Two years later, the renovated palace was opened on the occasion of the 1873 Vienna World's Fair as the Hotel Imperial. To this day it remains one of the most famous hotels in the world, and while renovated multiple times it has retained many elements of the original neo-Renaissance elements in the Ducal Palace.

After selling their palace in Vienna the couple bought a much smaller city palace named Strudelhof. They had a very big villa built at Altmünster on the shore of the Traunsee, not far away from the Emperor's summer residence at Bad Ischl. Around 1900, the couple moved to Stuttgart where they lived near their sons, at the Prinzenbau.

Upon the death of his cousin Duke Nicholas of Württemberg in 1903, he became heir presumptive to the royal throne of Württemberg until his death in 1917. But he was ten years older than King Wilhelm II of Wuerttemberg, and so his eldest son Duke Albrecht (1865-1939) was considered and raised as successor to the throne. On 29 November 1918 Württemberg's monarchy was abolished in the collapse of the German Empire following World War I, while his kinsman of the senior branch of the dynasty, Wilhelm II, was still king (and lived, after his abdication, until 2 October 1921).

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