Philip I, Margrave of Baden
| Philip I of Baden | |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 November 1479 |
| Died | 17 September 1533 (aged 53) |
| Burial | Baden-Baden |
| Spouse | Elisabeth of the Palatinate |
| Father | Christopher I |
| Mother | Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen |
Margrave Philip I of Baden (6 November 1479 – 17 September 1533) took over the administration of his father's possessions Baden (Baden-Baden), Durlach, Pforzheim and Altensteig and parts of Eberstein, Lahr and Mahlberg in 1515 and ruled as governor until he inherited the territories in 1527. From 1524 till 1527, he also acted as an imperial governor in the second Imperial Government.
Philip was the fifth son of the Margrave Christopher I of Baden and Ottilie of Katzenelnbogen. His father intended to avoid splitting the inheritance and regarded Philip as his most capable son, so he wanted Philip to inherit the sovereignty over all his territories. He intended Philip to marry with Joan, the heiress of Margrave Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg — a junior branch of the House of Baden branch line, so that Philip would become sovereign of a considerable territory. The plan failed due to resistance of the French king.
Because of the resistance of Philip's worldly brothers, Christopher later changed his will twice. Philip's brother Bernhard III inherited the holdings on the left bank of the Rhine, his brother Ernest inherited the baronies Hachberg, Usenberg, Sausenburg, Rötteln and Baden Castle in Badenweiler in South Baden.
Philip fought on the French side in the Italian Wars. In 1501 he commanded a ship in the French fleet, that supported the Venice in the war against the Turks.
During his reign, Philip was confronted a wave of rebellions all over southern Germany. In a continuation of the Bundschuh movement and again under the leadership of Joss Fritz the peasants stood up and fought for their rights. This often led to abuse and violence. The rebels marched through Durlach to the monastery Gottesaue, which was looted and completely destroyed — under the eyes of the Margrave. He responded by attacking the homes of the rebels and for example in Berghausen three houses were set on fire. The real aim, however, was the territory of the bishop George of Speyer, who finally escaped to the court of the Elector Palatine in Heidelberg. It wasn't until 1525 that Elector Louis V and his army managed to end the insurgency. On 25 May 1525, Philip I concluded the Treaty of Renchen with his peasants.
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