Phelim Alfred Calleary (3 October 1895 – 4 January 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was first elected as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo North constituency at the June 1952 by-election, caused by the death of P. J. Ruttledge. He was re-elected at each subsequent general election until retiring at the 1969 general election.
His son Seán Calleary was a Fianna Fáil TD for Mayo East from 1973 to 1992 and served as a Minister of State in a number of government departments. His grandson Dara Calleary was elected as a Fianna Fáil TD for the Mayo constituency at the 2007 general election.