Pentostam

Sodium stibogluconate

Clinical data
Trade names	Pentostam, Stiboson, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	intravenous, intramusclar
ATC code	P01CB02 (WHO) QP51AB02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name 2,4:2',4'-O-(oxydistibylidyne)bis[D-gluconic acid]
CAS Number	16037-91-5 N
PubChem CID	16685683
DrugBank	DB05630 Y
ChemSpider	21106382 Y
UNII	V083S0159D
KEGG	D00582 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL367144 N
NIAID ChemDB	007935
ECHA InfoCard	100.170.909
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H38Na3O26Sb2
Molar mass	910.9 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].O=[Sb]2(O[Sb]1(=O)OC([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O1)C([O-])=O)O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O2)C([O-])=O)[C@H](O)CO
InChI InChI=1S/2C6H10O7.3Na.3O.2Sb/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;;;;;;;;/h2*2-5,7-8,10H,1H2,(H,12,13);;;;;;;;/q2*-2;3*+1;;;;2*+2/p-2/t2-,3?,4+,5-;2-,3-,4+,5-;;;;;;;;/m11......../s1 Y Key:RTLKTTNTVTVWPV-UQCYVGCHSA-L Y
NY (what is this?)

Sodium stibogluconate, sold under the brand name Pentostam among others, is a medication used to treat leishmaniasis. This includes leishmaniasis of the cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal types. Some combination of miltefosine, paramycin and liposomal amphotericin B, however, may be recommended due to issues with resistance. It is given by injection.

Side effects are common and include loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains, headache, and feeling tired. Serious side effect may include an irregular heartbeat or pancreatitis. Sodium stibogluconate is less safe than some other options during pregnancy. It is not believed to result in any problems if used during breastfeeding. Sodium stibogluconate is in the pentavalent antimonials class of medication.

Sodium stibogluconate has been studied as early as 1937 and has been in medical use since the 1940s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale price in the developing world is 9.66 USD per vial. This gives the cost for a course of treatment at between 12 and 56 USD. In the United States it is available from the Center for Disease Control.

Sodium stibogluconate is exceedingly toxic to veins. One of the practical problems is that after a few doses it can become exceedingly difficult to find a vein in which to inject the drug. The insertion of a PICC does not prevent the problem and can instead exacerbate it: the entire vein along the course of the PICC line can become inflamed and thrombose. Large doses of sodium stibogluconate are often administered as dilute solutions.