Peninah Arusei Jerop (born 1 January 1979 in Uasin Gishu) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in road running competitions, especially the half marathon. She has represented Kenya at the Olympics, having competed in the 10,000 metres race at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Arusei has won races on the European road circuit, including the Dam tot Damloop, Berlin Half Marathon and Lisbon Half Marathon.
She won the Baringo 15 km Road Race in 2007, finishing in a time of 50:52. She represented Kenya at the 2007 Military World Games and won the 5000 metres gold medal, helping Kenyan top the athletics medal table.
She finished eighteenth in the 10,000 metres at the 2008 Olympic Games. Arusei competed at the 2008 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships finishing fifth and won silver as part of the Kenyan team. She was victorious at the Berlin Half Marathon, Berlin 25K, and the Dam tot Damloop road races that year, setting a 15 km personal best in the latter competition.
She won the 2009 Berlin 25K race setting a new course record and 25 Kilometres African record of 1:22:31 hours, erasing Catherine Ndereba's previous mark. Her African and course records did not last past the following edition, which was won in 2010 by another Kenyan, Mary Keitany, in a new world record time (1:19:53).