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Pellet (software)

OWL Web Ontology Language
Status Published
Year started 2004
Editors Mike Dean, Guus Schreiber
Base standards Resource Description Framework, RDFS
Domain Semantic Web
Abbreviation OWL
Website OWL Reference
OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
Status Published
Year started 2009
Editors W3C OWL Working Group
Base standards Resource Description Framework, RDFS
Domain Semantic Web
Abbreviation OWL 2
Website OWL2 Overview
OWL RDF/XML Serialization
XML.svg
Filename extension .owx, .owl, .rdf
Internet media type application/owl+xml, application/rdf+xml
Developed by World Wide Web Consortium
Standard OWL 2 XML Serialization October 27, 2009; 7 years ago (2009-10-27),
OWL Reference February 10, 2004; 13 years ago (2004-02-10)
Open format? Yes

The Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns representing classes of objects and the verbs representing relations between the objects. Ontologies resemble class hierarchies in object-oriented programming but there are several critical differences. Class hierarchies are meant to represent structures used in source code that evolve fairly slowly (typically monthly revisions) whereas ontologies are meant to represent information on the Internet and are expected to be evolving almost constantly. Similarly, ontologies are typically far more flexible as they are meant to represent information on the Internet coming from all sorts of heterogeneous data sources. Class hierarchies on the other hand are meant to be fairly static and rely on far less diverse and more structured sources of data such as corporate databases.

The OWL languages are characterized by formal semantics. They are built upon a W3C XML standard for objects called the Resource Description Framework (RDF). OWL and RDF have attracted significant academic, medical and commercial interest.

In October 2007, a new W3C working group was started to extend OWL with several new features as proposed in the OWL 1.1 member submission. W3C announced the new version of OWL on 27 October 2009. This new version, called OWL 2, soon found its way into semantic editors such as Protégé and semantic reasoners such as Pellet, RacerPro, FaCT++ and HermiT.

The OWL family contains many species, serializations, syntaxes and specifications with similar names. OWL and OWL2 are used to refer to the 2004 and 2009 specifications, respectively. Full species names will be used, including specification version (for example, OWL2 EL). When referring more generally, OWL Family will be used.


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