Paul Cottancin
| Paul Cottancin | |
|---|---|
| Born |
January 12, 1865 Reims, France |
| Died | 1928 |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| Known for | Reinforced concrete and brick structures |
Paul Cottancin (12 January 1865 - 1928) was a French engineer and a pioneer in the use of reinforced brickwork and concrete. He is known for the church of Saint-Jean-de-Montmartre in Paris, which he designed in collaboration with the architect Anatole de Baudot.
Paul Cottancin was born in Reims in 1865. He studied engineering at the École centrale des arts et manufactures. He received a diploma from the École Centrale in 1886, and filed his first patent in March 1889 for a type of metal frame for reinforced cement or other reinforced materials. He subsequently moved to England and then to Ireland. He worked as a contractor and a consultant, and also as engineer for his own structures. He filed a series of patents up to 1900 as he refined his reinforced concrete system.
Paul Cottancin died in 1928. He has been seen as having considerably more artistic sensitivity than was common with engineers of his day. He thought of his structures in terms of surfaces and forms.
Cottancin did not use heavy bars within thin layers of concrete, but dissipated force by using wire meshes and nets distributed throughout the material. His 1889 patent was for wire mesh embedded in 50 millimetres (2.0 in) concrete slabs, supported by "spinal stiffeners", or triangulated ribs. With his iron or steel trellises he could make plane or curved shapes. The structures that employed his designs typically have plate-like arches and struts. Cottancin also experimented with hollow masonry laced with wires and filled with cement. The bricks have the same compression strength as the cement, while the wires resist extension. Using bricks avoids the need to build and remove forms for the cement.
In contrast to other engineers working in reinforced concrete, Cottancin did not see the material in terms of the actions, tension and compression of the component materials. Instead, he viewed the sheets of reinforced concrete used for the walls and floors of his buildings as a monolithic material in its response to stress. Cottancin's woven mesh may be viewed as a precursor to modern welded sheets of steel fabric. However, Cottancin's system was less practical than the béton armé technique of François Hennebique, perfected in 1897, which became standard practice after Paul Christophe published Le béton armé et ses applications in 1902.
Cottancin worked with Anatole de Baudot, a structural-rationalist pupil of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, in the design of the church of Saint-Jean-de-Montmartre. Building started in 1897, but was suspended in 1899. The immediate reason was an infraction of planning regulations, but doubts were raised about the ability of the reinforced concrete floors and piers to carry the loads. Extensive tests were carried out, subjecting the components to extreme stress, before construction was allowed to resume in 1902, complete in 1904.
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