Pataliputra

Pataliputra पाटलिपुत्र Pātaliputtā (Pāli)
Ancient city
Plan of Pataliputra compared to present-day Patna
Pataliputra Show map of India Pataliputra Show map of Bihar Map of Patna
Coordinates: 25°36′40″N 85°08′38″E / 25.611°N 85.144°E / 25.611; 85.144Coordinates: 25°36′40″N 85°08′38″E / 25.611°N 85.144°E / 25.611; 85.144
Country	India
State	Bihar
Region	Magadha
Division	Patna
District	Patna
Government
• Body	Patna Municipal Corporation
Elevation	53 m (174 ft)

Pataliputra (IAST: Pāṭaliputra), adjacent to modern-day Patna, was a city in ancient India, originally built by Magadha ruler Ajatashatru in 490 BCE as a small fort (Pāṭaligrāma) near the Ganges river.

Extensive archaeological excavations have been made in the vicinity of modern Patna. Excavations early in the 20th century around Patna revealed clear evidence of large fortification walls, including reinforcing wooden trusses.

The etymology of Pataliputra is unclear. "Putra" means son, and "pāţali" is a species of rice or the plant Bignonia suaveolens. One traditional etymology holds that the city was named after the plant. Another tradition says that Pāṭaliputra means the son of Pāṭali, who was the daughter of Raja Sudarshan. As it was known as Pāṭali-grāma ("Pāṭali village") originally, some scholars believe that Pāṭaliputra is a transformation of Pāṭalipura, "Pāṭali town".

There is no mention of Pataliputra in written sources prior to the early Buddhist texts (the Pali Canon and Āgamas), where it appears as the village of Pataligrama and is omitted from a list of major cities in the region. Early Buddhist sources report a city being built in the vicinity of the village towards the end of the Buddha's life; this generally agrees with archaeological evidence showing urban development occurring in the area no earlier than the 3rd or 4th Century BCE. In 303 BCE, Greek historian and ambassador Megasthenes mentioned Pataliputra as a city in his work Indika.