Pasteurella canis
| Pasteurella canis | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Pasteurellales |
| Family: | Pasteurellaceae |
| Genus: | Pasteurella |
| Species: |
Pasteurella canis Mutters et al. 1985 |
Pasteurella canis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. Bacteria from this family cause zoonotic infections in humans, which manifest themselves as skin or soft-tissue infections after an animal bite. It has been known to cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients.
Pasteurella was first described around 1880 and thought to be associated with chicken cholera and hemorrhagic septicemia in animals. The genus was first cultured in 1885. In 1920, strains of Pasteurella were isolated and observed in human infections.
“Micrococcus gallicidus” was the first scientific name used for these bacteria. For a short time, the bacteria were unofficially placed in different genera, such as Octopsis, Coccobacillus, and Eucystia. In 1887, genus “Pasteurella” was proposed to honor Louis Pasteur for his critical discoveries in the field of microbiology.
Before molecular technology was available, species were often labeled based on staining and the hosts from where species were isolated. The name "multocida" was ultimately adopted to represent all the Pasteurella species. Until 1932, the genus Pasteurella only consisted of the species type .Pasteurella canis sp. nov. was previously classified as P. multocida biotype 6 or “dog-type” strains. In 1985, Pasteurella underwent taxonomic reclassification based on DNA hybridization, resulting in several subspecies of P. multocida and new Pasteurella species, including P. canis.
P. canis includes two biotypes: biovar 1 originated from canines, whereas biovar 2 originated from bovines. The two biotypes are distinguishable from an indole test: biovar 1 is indole positive whereas biovar 2 is indole negative.
P. canis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that shows bipolar staining.P. canis forms small, grey-colored, round, and smooth colonies. It is also nonhaemolytic and nonmotile.
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