Paromomycin

Paromomycin

Clinical data
Trade names	Catenulin, Aminosidine, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601098
Pregnancy category	US: N (Not classified yet) C
Routes of administration	By mouth, intramuscular, topical
ATC code	A07AA06 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Poorly absorbed in the GI tract
Metabolism	Not Available
Biological half-life	?
Excretion	Fecal
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)- 4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)- 3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-oxan-2-yl] oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy- 3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
Synonyms	monomycin, aminosidine
CAS Number	1263-89-4 Y
PubChem (CID)	441375
DrugBank	DB01421 Y
ChemSpider	390117 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:7934 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL370143 N
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.567
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C23H47N5O18S
Molar mass	615.629 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=S(=O)(O)O.O([C@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]1O[C@@H](CN)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1N)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]3N)[C@H]4O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4N)CO
InChI InChI=1S/C23H45N5O14.H2O4S/c24-2-7-13(32)15(34)10(27)21(37-7)41-19-9(4-30)39-23(17(19)36)42-20-12(31)5(25)1-6(26)18(20)40-22-11(28)16(35)14(33)8(3-29)38-22;1-5(2,3)4/h5-23,29-36H,1-4,24-28H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21-,22-,23+;/m1./s1 Y Key:LJRDOKAZOAKLDU-UDXJMMFXSA-N Y
NY (what is this?)

Paromomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections including amebiasis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, and tapeworm infection. It is a first line treatment for amebiasis or giardiasis during pregnancy. Otherwise it is generally a second line treatment option. It is used by mouth, applied to the skin, or by injection into a muscle.

Common side effects when taken by mouth include loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. When applied to the skin side effects include itchiness, redness, and blisters. When given by injection there may be fever, liver problems, or hearing loss. Use during breastfeeding appears to be safe. Paromomycin is in the aminoglycoside family of medications and causes bacterial death by stopping the making of protein.

Paromomycin was discovered from Streptomyces krestomuceticus in the 1950s and came into medical use in 1960. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Paromomycin is available as a generic medication. In India the injectable form is about 4.19 to 8.38 pounds for a course of treatment as of 2007. In the United States a typical course of treatment is more than 200 USD as of 2015.

It is an antibiotic used to treat intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis and amoebiasis, and other diseases such as leishmaniasis. Paromomycin was demonstrated to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical studies in the USSR in the 1960s, and in trials with visceral leishmaniasis in the early 1990s.