Parechovirus
| Parechovirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Picornavirales |
| Family: | Picornaviridae |
| Genus: | Parechovirus |
| Type species | |
|
Parechovirus A |
|
Parechovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Picornaviridae. Bank voles and humans serve as natural hosts. There are currently only two species in this genus including the type species Parechovirus A, also called human parechoviruses and Parechovirus B, more commonly known as the Ljungan virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: human parechoviruses: mild, gastrointestinal or respiratory illness, have been implicated in cases of myocarditis and encephalitis; Ljungan virus: may be a zoonotic virus associated with diabetes and intrauterine fetal death in human.
Group: ssRNA(+)
Six types of human parechovirus have been identified: human parechovirus 1 (HPeV1, formerly echovirus 22), human parechovirus 2 (formerly echovirus 23), and human parechoviruses 3, 4, 5 and 6.
A total of 15 genotypes are currently recognised.
Viruses in Parechovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical, and round geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 7.3kb in length.
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the virus to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and viroporins. Bank voles and human serve as the natural host.
Human parechoviruses cause mild, gastrointestinal or respiratory illness, but have been implicated in cases of myocarditis and encephalitis. Human parechoviruses are commonly spread and more than 95% of human cases are infected early in life, within two to five years of age.
Parechovirus B has been proposed as a zoonotic virus, associated with diabetes and intrauterine fetal death in humans. However, the data regarding these features are currently limited and need to be confirmed.
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