Pannonian basin before Hungary

This article discusses the known pre-history and early history of the territory of present-day Hungary up to the Magyar (Hungarian) conquest in the 9th century and the foundation of the Principality of Hungary.

For the prehistory of the Magyar tribes before they came to Pannonia, see Hungarian prehistory.

The oldest archaeological site which yielded evidence of human presence – human bones, pebble tools and kitchen refuse – in the Carpathian Basin was excavated at Vértesszőlős in Transdanubia in the early 1960s. The Lower Palaeolithic site was situated in calcareous tuff basins with a diameter of 3–6 meters (9.8–19.7 ft) that the nearby warm springs had built. The occipital bone of an adult male, who is now known as "Samu", and a child's milk tooth show that the early humans who inhabited the basins represent a transitional species between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. The local inhabitants made their tools of quartzite and silex pebbles that they collected at the nearby river. They were familiar with fire and made hearths from crushed animal bones. They hunted wild horses, aurochs, bisons, red deer, deer, wolves, bears, and saber-toothed cats. The site at Vértesszőlős was occupied five times between about 500,000 and 350,000 BC.

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