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Panchakanya


Panchakanya(पञ्चकन्या, pañcakanyā), also known as the Five Virgins, is a group of five iconic heroines of Hindu epics, extolled in a hymn and whose names are believed to dispel sin when recited. They are Sita, Ahalya, Draupadi, Kunti, Tara and Mandodari. Ahalya, Tara, Mandodari are from the epic Ramayana; while Draupadi and Kunti are from Mahabharata.

The panchakanya are venerated as ideal women and chaste wives in one view. Their association with more than one man and breaking of traditions in some cases are prescribed as not to be followed by others.

The well-known Sanskrit hymn that defines the Panchakanys runs:

Sanskrit transliteration
ahalyā draupadī kunti tārā mandodarī tathā ।
pañcakanyāḥ smarennityaṃ mahāpātakanāśinī

English translation
Ahalya, Draupadi, Kunti, Tara and Mandodari
One should forever remember the panchakanya who are the destroyers of great sins

A variant replaces Sita with Kunti:

Sanskrit transliteration
ahalyā draupadī sītā tārā mandodarī tathā ।
pañcakanyāḥ smarennityaṃ mahāpātakanāśinīm

Differences are underlined.

Practicing Hindus, especially Hindu wives, remember the Panchakanya in this daily morning prayer. Their names are extolled and the prayer is pratah smaraniya, prescribed to be recited in the early hours of the morning.

The panchakanya literally means five kanyas. Kanya may be translated as girl, daughter, maiden or virgin. Though all being married, the choice of the word kanya, not nari(woman) or sati(chaste wife), seems interesting to Mr Pradip Bhattacharya.


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