Panachage

Panachage is the name given to a procedure provided for in several open list variants of the party-list proportional representation system which gives voters more than one vote for the same ballot and allows them to distribute their votes between individual candidates from different party lists. It is used in elections at all levels in Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Switzerland, in parliamentary elections in Ecuador, El Salvador and Honduras, as well as in local elections in a majority of German states and in French communes under 1,000 inhabitants.

Until a 1899 reform in favour of open list electoral system and the parliamentary elections in 1900, panachage was possible for provincial and parliamentary elections in Belgium, candidates were placed on a list in alphabetical order. Municipal elections were still held under the panachage system until the 5 July 1976 Law. This change was adopted before the first elections (October 1976) following the 1976 communes merger which reduced the number of Belgian communes from 2,359 to 596. Law proposals were introduced in 1995 and 1999 by senators from the Volksunie to reinstitute it, but they were never put to votes.

In the Ecuadorian parliamentary elections, voters have as many votes as there are seats to be distributed, and they may use them to support candidates over the party lines, but also to give several votes to a single candidate.

El Salvador adopted an open list proportional system for the 2012 legislative elections, and introduced panachage for the 2015 elections: "For the first time, voters will be able to select individual candidates from any party rather than being forced to vote for a single party with an established list of candidates. Voters can still opt to simply choose a party.".

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