Pallache family
| Pallache | |
|---|---|
| Family name | |
Interior of Synagogue of El Transito
|
|
| Meaning | "Palace(s)" (English) |
| Region of origin | Iberian Peninsula |
| Related names | (de) "Palacio(s)" (Spanish ), (de) "Palacio(s)" (Portuguese ), "Palacci" (Italian ), etc., all ultimately from Collis Palatium |
| Clan affiliations | from 16th to 20th centuries in Morocco, Netherlands, Turkey, Egypt and then further diaspora |
"Pallache" – also (de) Palacio(s), Palache, Palachi, Palacci, Palaggi, and many other variations (documented below) – is the surname of a prominent, Ladino-speaking, Sephardic Jewish family from the Iberian Peninsula, who spread mostly through the Mediterranean after the Alhambra Decree of March 31, 1492, and related events.
(This entry uses "Pallache" as an unifying name, based on scholarly preference, particularly three (3) entries for "Pallache" in Brill's Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World and the scholarly historical biography A Man of Three Worlds: Samuel Pallache, a Moroccan Jew in Catholic and Protestant Europe.)
The Pallache have had connections with both Portuguese and Spanish Sephardic communities, as detailed below.
The Pallache established themselves in cities in Portugal (?), Morocco, the Netherlands, Turkey, Egypt, and other countries from the 1500s through the 1900s. The family includes grand rabbis, rabbis, founders of synagogues and beth midrash, scientists, entrepreneurs, writers, and others. Best known to date are: Moroccan envoys and brothers Samuel Pallache (ca. 1550–1616) and Joseph Pallache, at least three grand rabbis of Izmir – GaonHaim Palachi (1788–1868), his sons Abraham Palacci (1809–1899) and Rahamim Nissim Palacci (1814–1907), at least one grand rabbi of Amsterdam, Isaac Juda Palache (1858-1927), linguist Juda Lion Palache (1886–1944), and American mineralogist Charles Palache (1869–1954).
In 1480, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon established a Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española). Its dual purpose was to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in Spain while replacing the Medieval Inquisition under Papal control. On March 31, 1492, Isabella and Ferdinand issued the Alhambra Decree (or Edict of Expulsion), thereby ordering the expulsion of practicing Jews from the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, its territories, and it possessions by July 31 that year–in four months. Jews who had converted to Christianity ("conversos") were safe from expulsion. Some 200,000 Jews converted; between 40,000 and 100,000 fled from the kingdom. (On December 16, 1968, Spain revoked the Alhambra Edict. On June 25, 2015, King Felipe VI of Spain announced Law Number 12/2015, which grants right of return to Sephardic Jews. There are criticisms about shortcomings in the law. By October 2016, Spain had processed more than 4,500 applicants, of which only three (3) had gained citizenship based on the actual law: the rest (number unstated) were naturalized by royal decree.")
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