Paleocortex
| Allocortex | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| NeuroNames | ancil-759 |
| NeuroLex ID | Allocortex |
| Dorlands /Elsevier |
a_25/12121777 |
| TA | A14.1.09.305 |
| FMA | 83687 |
|
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
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The allocortex (also known as heterogenetic cortex) is one of the two types of cerebral cortex, the other being the neocortex. It is characterized by having just three or four cell layers, in contrast with the six layers of the neocortex, and takes up a much smaller area than the neocortex. There are three subtypes of allocortex: the paleocortex, the archicortex, and the periallocortex – a transitional zone between the neocortex and the allocortex.
The specific regions of the brain usually described as belonging to the allocortex are the olfactory system, and the hippocampus.
Allocortex is termed heterogenetic cortex, because during development it never has the six-layered architecture of homogenetic neocortex. It differs from heterotypic cortex, a type of cerebral cortex, which during prenatal development, passes through a six-layered stage to have fewer layers, such as in Brodmann area 4 that lacks granule cells.
The allocortex has just three or four layers of neuronal cell bodies in contrast to the six layers of the neocortex. There are three subtypes of allocortex, the paleocortex, archicortex and periallocortex.
Paleocortex is a type of thin, primitive cortical tissue that consists of three cortical laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies). The two granular layers II and IV of neocortex are absent in paleocortex. The main areas of paleocortex are the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex.
Archicortex is a type of cortical tissue that consists of four laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies). The main areas of archicortex are the hippocampus and dentate gyrus.
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