Pacification of Manchukuo

Pacification of Manchukuo
Part of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Japanese troops in Manchuria, 1931
Date November 4, 1931 to Spring 1942 Location Manchukuo Result Japanese/Manchurian victory
Belligerents
Republic of China	Empire of Japan  Manchukuo
Commanders and leaders
Ma Zhanshan Zhao Shangzhi Yang Jingyu Zhou Baozhong Li Zhaolin Ting Chao Feng Zhanhai Tang Juwu Wang Fengge Wang Delin Su Bingwen	Shigeru Honjō Nobuyoshi Mutō Takashi Hishikari Jirō Minami Kenkichi Ueda Yoshijirō Umezu Seishiro Itagaki Xi Qia Ma Zhanshan Chang Hai-peng
Strength
Chinese: 300,000	Japanese: 84,000 Manchurian: 111,000
Casualties and losses
?	?

The Pacification of Manchukuo was a Japanese anti-insurgency campaign during the Second Sino-Japanese War to suppress any armed resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo from various anti-Japanese volunteer armies in occupied Manchuria and later the Communist Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army. The operations were carried out by the Imperial Japanese Kwantung Army and the collaborationist forces of the Manchukuo government from March 1932 until 1942, and resulted in a Japanese victory.

The earliest formation of large Anti-Japanese partisan groups occurred in Liaoning and Kirin provinces due to the poor performance of the Fengtien Army in the first month of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and to Japan's rapid success in removing and replacing the provincial authority in Fengtien and Kirin.

The provincial government of Liaoning Province had fled west to Chinchow. Governor Zang Shiyi remained in Mukden, but refused to cooperate with the Japanese in establishing a separatist and collaborationist government and was imprisoned. The Kwantung Army issued a proclamation on 21 September 1931 installing Colonel Kenji Doihara as Mayor of Mukden; he proceeded to rule the city with the aid of an "Emergency Committee" composed mostly of Japanese.

On 23 September 1931, Lieutenant General Xi Qia of the Kirin Army was invited by the Japanese to form a provisional government for Kirin Province. In Kirin, the Japanese succeeded in achieving a bloodless occupation of the capital. General Xi Qia issued a proclamation on 30 September, declaring the province independent of the Republic of China under protection of the Japanese Army.

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