Pacific Proving Grounds

Pacific Proving Grounds / Pacific Test Site
primarily in the Marshall Islands
The United States began using the Marshall Islands as a nuclear testing site beginning in 1946.
Map showing location of the Pacific Proving Grounds relative to rest of Pacific Ocean
Type	Nuclear testing range
Area	~140,000 sq mi (360,000 km2)
Site information
Operator	United States Department of Energy
Status	Inactive
Site history
In use	1947-present (last nuclear test in 1962)
Test information
Nuclear tests	105

The Pacific Proving Grounds was the name given by the United States government to a number of sites in the Marshall Islands and a few other sites in the Pacific Ocean at which it conducted nuclear testing between 1946 and 1962. The U.S. tested a nuclear weapon (codenamed Able) on Bikini Atoll on 30 June 1946. This was followed by Baker on July 24, 1946.

On July 18, 1947, the United States secured an agreement with the United Nations to govern the islands of Micronesia as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a strategic trusteeship territory. This is the only such trusteeship ever granted by the United Nations. The Trust Territory comprised about 2,000 islands spread over 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 km²) of the North Pacific Ocean. Five days later, the United States Atomic Energy Commission established the Pacific Proving Grounds.

The United States conducted 105 atmospheric and underwater (i.e., not underground) nuclear tests in the Pacific, many of which were of extremely high yield. While the Marshall Islands testing composed 14% of all U.S. tests, it composed nearly 80% of the total yields of those detonated by the U.S., with an estimated total yield of around 210 megatons, with the largest being the 15 Mt Castle Bravo shot of 1954 which spread considerable nuclear fallout on many of the islands, including several which were inhabited, and some that had not been evacuated.