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Pachycephalosaurinae

Pachycephalosaurs
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 90–66 Ma
Pachycephalosaurus skull.JPG
Cast of a Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis skull, Oxford University Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Dinosauria
Order: Ornithischia
Suborder: Pachycephalosauria
Maryańska & Osmólska, 1974
Family: Pachycephalosauridae
Sternberg, 1945
(conserved name)
Type species
Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
Gilmore, 1931 (conserved name)
Genera

See text

Synonyms

Homalocephalidae Dong, 1978


See text

Homalocephalidae Dong, 1978

Pachycephalosauria (/ˌpækiˌsɛfələˈsɔːriə, ˌkɛ-/; from Greek παχυκεφαλόσαυρος for 'thick headed lizards') is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs. Along with Ceratopsia, it makes up the clade Marginocephalia. Genera include Pachycephalosaurus, Stegoceras, and Prenocephale. With the exception of two species, most pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous Period, dating between about 85.8 and 65.5 million years ago. They are exclusive to the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority being found in what is now North America and Asia. They were all bipedal, herbivorous/omnivorous animals with thick skulls. Skulls can be domed, flat, or wedge-shaped depending on the species, and are all heavily ossified. The domes were often surrounded by nodes and/or spikes. Partial skeletons have been found of several pachycephalosaur species, but to date no complete skeletons have been discovered. Often isolated skull fragments are the only bones that are found.


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Wikipedia

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