Oxidosqualene cyclase

Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSC) are enzymes involved in cyclization reactions of 2,3-oxidosqualene to form sterols or triterpenes. There are two major groups of sterol-producing OSC enzymes:

Sterols and triterpenes are extremely diverse classes of natural products, particularly in plants, which often contain numerous OSC enzymes with different substrate and product specificities; common examples include lupeol synthase and beta-amyrin synthase. OSC enzymes' catalytic mechanism is similar to the prokaryotic squalene-hopene cyclase.

Directed evolution and protein design have been used to identify small numbers of point mutations that alter the product specificities of OSC enzymes, most notably in altering a cycloartenol synthase to produce predominantly lanosterol.

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