Ousseina D. Alidou (born 1963) is an Africanist scholar specialising in the study of Muslim women in Africa. She is a professor in the Department of African American and African Studies at Rutgers University. She was a member of the Committee for Academic Freedom in Africa and co-edited the widely cited anthology A Thousand Flowers (2000). Her work on Engaging Modernity has also been widely cited.
She travelled to the US from Niger in 1988 to pursue her studies. She received her doctorate in theoretical linguistics from Indiana University Bloomington.
Her twin sister Hassana Alidou has been Niger's ambassador to the United States since February 2015.