Ottoman–Saudi War

Ottoman–Saudi War
Yanbu Al-Safra Medina Jeddah Mecca Diriyah Sites of major battles during the war.
Date Early 1811 – 1818 Location Arabian Peninsula Result Decisive Ottoman victory Destruction of the Emirate of Diriyah (First Saudi State)
Belligerents
Emirate of Diriyah Al-Qasim	Ottoman Empire Egypt Eyalet
Commanders and leaders
Saud Ibn Abdul Aziz Ibn Mohammed Ibn Saud Abdullah I  Ghassab bin Shar'an  Ghaliyya al-Wahhabiyya	Mahmud II Tusun Pasha Muhammad Ali Pasha Ibrahim Pasha
Strength
20,000	50,000
Casualties and losses
14,000 dead 6,000 wounded	2,000 dead 1,000 wounded 50 captured

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman–Wahhabi War also known as the Ottoman–Saudi War, was fought from early 1811 to 1818, between Egypt Eyalet under the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha (nominally under Ottoman Empire rule) and the army of the Emirate of Diriyah, the First Saudi State, resulted in the destruction of the latter.

The Wahhabi movement was a fundamentalist sect within Islam founded by Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab that would lead to creation of the Emirate of Diriyah as he and Muhammad bin Saud launched their campaign to reform Islam and consolidate power in Arabia from their power-base, and its eventual crushing by the Ottoman empire’s Egyptian khedive Muhammad Ali of Egypt.

In 1802 the Wahhabi sack of Karbala resulted in 5000 deaths and the plundering of the Imam Husayn Shrine and, by 1805, the Wahhabis controlled Mecca and Medina. The Wahhabis also attacked Ottoman trade caravans which interrupted the Ottoman finances. The Saudi amir denounced the Ottoman sultan and called into question the validity of his claim to be caliph and guardian of the sanctuaries of the Hejaz and the Ottoman empire, suspicious of the ambitious Muhammed Ali, instructed him to fight the Wahhabis, as the defeat of either would be beneficial to them.

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