Otokan
The Ōtōkan lineage (応灯関、應燈關?) is a lineage of the Rinzai school of Zen (a form of Japanese Buddhism). It was founded by Nanpo Jomyo, who received the dharma in China in 1265 and returned to Japan in 1267.
It is centered at the temple complexes of Myōshin-ji (founded by Kanzan Egen, the third patriarch) and Daitoku-ji (founded by Daito Kokushi, the second patriarch) in Kyoto, and sometimes referred to as the "Myōshin-ji lineage" accordingly. It now consists of two main lines, the Inzan line and the Takujū line, which date to circa 1800.
The Otokan lineage was founded by Nanpo Jōmyō 南浦紹明 (1235–1308), who received transmission in China from the monk Xutang Zhiyu 虚堂智愚 (Japanese Kido Chigu, 1185–1269) in 1265, who then returned to Japan in 1267. It was then spread by his student Shuho Myocho (second generation) and Kanzan Egen (third generation), who made it an influential school.
It is today the only surviving lineage in the Rinzai school, and is historically the most influential. It is the lineage to which Hakuin Ekaku belonged, from whom all contemporary Rinzai lineages descend. It is also the lineage of the Ōbaku sect, which is closely related to Rinzai. Other Rinzai lineages previously existed, but no others survived the 19th century.
The name Ōtōkan, traditionally written 應燈關, in modern Japanese written 応灯関, is analyzed as ō-tō-kan, and is derived from the names of the first three patriarchs:
In detail: Daiō Kokushi 大應國師, Daitō Kokushi 大燈國師, and Kanzan Egen 關山慧玄.
The lineage is as follows. Direct inheritance is given, with side branches (that have since died out) generally not given.
This lists the lineage from Nanpo Jomyo (first Japanese) through Hakuin Ekaku (fountainhead of all extant Rinzai lineages) and his immediate disciples, branching with Inzan Ien and Takujū Kosen. Note that Shoju Rojin did not grant Hakuin Ekaku permission to teach, but today Hakuin is considered to have received dharma transmission from Shoju, since Hakuin himself regarded Shoju Rojin's influence in his understanding of Zen.
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