Oswald Sanderson (born 1836) was an American businessman, best known for being the son of Harry Sanderson and being involved in the Sanderson family business of shipbuilding, and his later involvement in the Wilson Line of Hull.
After leaving the family busienss he became Managing Director at Thomas Wilson Sons & Co. from 1901, until its sale to Ellerman Lines in 1916, when Charles and Arthur Wilson brought him into the previously exclusively family run business. From 1902, he was full managing director for 15 years.
He stayed with the firm after selling it to Sir John Ellerman in 1916, after problems with the third generation Wilsons losing interest. Sanderson had a troubled relationship with Ellerman, receiving letters from him daily until his death from liver disease in 1926.