Oscar Ichazo

Oscar Ichazo (born July 24, 1931) is the Bolivian-born founder of the Arica School, which he established in 1968.

Ichazo's Enneagram of Personality theories are part of a larger body of teaching that he terms Protoanalysis. In Ichazo's teachings the enneagram figure has usually been called an enneagon.

In an interview, Ichazo said that in 1954 he achieved insight into mechanistic and repetitive thought and behavior patterns. These processes can be understood in connection with the enneagram figure, classical philosophy and what he calls "Trialectic" logic grounded in three laws of process.

Ichazo says that he identified the nine ways in which a person's ego becomes fixated within the psyche at an early stage of life. For each person one of these "ego fixations" then becomes the core of a self-image around which their psychological personality develops. Each fixation is also supported at the emotional level by a particular "passion" or "vice". The principal psychological connections between the nine ego fixations can be "mapped" using the points, lines, and circle of the enneagram figure.

Ichazo's teachings are designed to help people transcend their identification with — and the suffering caused by — their own mechanistic thought and behavior patterns (see Fourth Way). His theories about the fixations are founded on the premise that all life seeks to continue and perpetuate itself and that the human psyche must follow universal laws of reality. Using Trialectic logic, Ichazo indicated the three basic human instincts for survival: "conservation" (the digestive system); "relation" (the circulatory system) and "adaptation" (the central nervous system); and two poles of attraction to self-perpetuation: "sexual" (the sexual organs) and "spiritual" (the spinal column).

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