Orthopterans
| Orthoptera Temporal range: Carboniferous–recent 359–0 Ma |
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| Roesel's bush-cricket | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| (unranked): | Panorthoptera |
| Order: |
Orthoptera Latreille, 1793 |
| Extant suborders and superfamilies | |
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Suborder Ensifera Suborder Caelifera |
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Suborder Ensifera
Suborder Caelifera
The Orthoptera order of insects includes the grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, Acrida, and locusts.
More than 27,000 species are distributed worldwide. Many insects in this order have paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, and produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals.
Grasshoppers are able to fold their wings, placing them in the group Neoptera.
The name is derived from the Greek ortho meaning 'straight' and ptera meaning 'winged'.
Orthopterans have a generally cylindrical body, with hindlegs elongated for jumping. They have mandibulate mouthparts for biting and chewing and large compound eyes, and may or may not have ocelli, depending on the species. The antennae have multiple joints and filiform type, and are of variable length.
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