Orléanism
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Orléanists
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|---|---|
.svg) |
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| Pretenders' supported |
Louis Philippe I (1815–1830; 1848–1850) Louis Philippe II (1850–1883) |
| Leader(s) |
Jacques Laffitte François Guizot Adolphe Thiers Victor de Broglie Albert de Broglie |
| Founded | 1815 |
| Dissolved | 1883 |
| Headquarters | Paris |
| Ideology | Liberal monarchism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Colors | Blue |
The Orléanists were a French right-wing (except for 1814–1830) faction which arose out of the French Revolution, as opposed to Legitimists. It governed France 1830–1848 in the "July Monarchy" of king Louis Philippe I. It is generally seen as a transitional period dominated by the conservative Orleanist doctrine in economic and foreign policies. The chief leaders included Prime Minister François Guizot. It went into exile during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III and collapsed with the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870.
It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon (descended from the youngest son of Louis XIII), who were its leaders. The faction comprised many liberals and intellectuals who wanted to restore the monarchy as a constitutional monarchy with limited powers for the king and most power in the hands of parliament. Orleanists were opposed by the more conservative Bourbon faction, who wanted the heirs of Louis XVI restored to the throne with great powers. Both Orleanists and Bourbons were opposed by republicans who wanted no king at all.
During the early period of the French Revolution, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of Orléans, who disliked King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, naturally assumed the position of a spokesman of the liberal royalists. It was a short step from this position to the attitude of liberal candidates for the throne, which Philippe's son Louis Philippe eventually would achieve.
The Orléanists aimed politically to find a common measure for the monarchical principle and the "rights of man" as set forth by the revolutionary leaders in 1789 and the princes of the branch of Orléans became the advocates of this attempted compromise.
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