Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7 cwt

Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7 cwt
With Royal Horse Artillery crew
Type	Field gun
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Service history
In service	1885–1895
Used by	British Empire
Production history
Designed	1883
Specifications
Weight	784 pounds (356 kg) barrel & breech
Barrel length	84 inches (2,134 mm) bore (28 calibres)
Shell	separate loading BL, 12.5 lb (5.7 kg) Shrapnel
Calibre	3-inch (76.2 mm)
Traverse	nil
Muzzle velocity	1,710 feet per second (520 m/s)
Maximum firing range	5,000 yards (4,600 m)

The Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7cwt was the British Army's field gun, which succeed the RML 13 pounder 8 cwt in 1885.

The gun was initially adopted by both the Royal Field Artillery and Royal Horse Artillery, and was in full service by 1885. It marked a return to breech-loading guns, after the British Army had reverted to muzzle-loaders in the late 1860s following the failure of the Armstrong screw breech guns.

Problems arose when it was used by the Horse Artillery in the great Indian cavalry manoeuvres of 1891. The carriage was found to be too complicated and dust caused the metal surfaces of the axle traversing device to seize. It also proved too heavy to manoeuvre for horse artillery, which was intended to support cavalry in battle.

The 12 pounder 6 cwt gun was thus developed in 1892, when the new more powerful cordite replaced gunpowder, as a lighter alternative. It had a barrel 18 inches (460 mm) shorter, on a lighter and simpler carriage, and it entered service with the Royal Horse Artillery in 1894.

The introduction of Cordite also led to the decision that the 12 pounder was capable of firing a heavier shell up to 15 lb (6.8 kg). A 14 pound shell was adopted and the gun became a "15 pounder" from 1895. At that point the 12 pounder 7 cwt became redundant.

The gun was normally towed by 6 horses, in 3 pairs.