Oliguria

Oliguria
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Nephrology
ICD-10	R34
ICD-9-CM	788.5
DiseasesDB	23641
MedlinePlus	003147
Patient UK	Oliguria
MeSH	D009846
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Oliguria or hypouresis (both names from roots meaning "not enough urine") is the low output of urine. In humans, it is clinically classified as an output more than 80 ml/day but less than 400ml/day. The decreased output of urine may be a sign of dehydration, kidney failure, hypovolemic shock, HHNS hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, urinary obstruction/urinary retention, DKA, pre-eclampsia, and urinary tract infections, among other conditions.

Beyond oliguria is anuria, which represents an absence of urine, clinically classified as below 80 or 100 ml/day.

Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL or 500 mL per 24h in adults - this equals 17 or 21 mL/hour. For example, in an adult weighing 70 kg it equals 0.24 or 0.3 mL/hour/kg. Alternatively, however, the value of 0.5 mL/kg/h is commonly used to define oliguria in adults as well.

Olig- (or oligo-) is a Greek prefix meaning small or few.

Anuria is clinically defined as less than 50mL urine output per day.

Perform ultrasound examination of the kidney to rule out obstructive processes.

The mechanisms causing oliguria can be categorized globally in three different categories:

Patients usually have a decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:

Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not attributed to kidney failure.

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