Ohira-bestmann
| Seyferth–Gilbert homologation | |
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| Named after |
Dietmar Seyferth John C. Gilbert |
| Reaction type | Homologation reaction |
| Identifiers | |
| Organic Chemistry Portal | seyferth-gilbert-homologation |
| RSC ontology ID | RXNO:0000387 |
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
dimethyl (1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Properties | |
| C5H9N2O4P | |
| Molar mass | 192.11 |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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| Infobox references | |
The Seyferth–Gilbert homologation is a chemical reaction of an aryl ketone 1 (or aldehyde) with dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 and potassium tert-butoxide to give substituted alkynes 3. Dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate 2 is often called the Seyferth–Gilbert reagent.
This reaction is called a homologation because the product has exactly one additional carbon more than the starting material.
Deprotonation of the Seyferth–Gilbert reagent A gives an anion B, which reacts with the ketone to form the oxaphosphetane D. Elimination of dimethylphosphate E gives the vinyl diazo-intermediate Fa and Fb. The generation of nitrogen gas gives a vinyl carbene G, which via a 1,2-migration forms the desired alkyne H.
Dimethyl (diazomethyl)phosphonate can be generated in situ from dimethyl-1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate (also called the Ohira-Bestmann reagent) by reaction with methanol and potassium carbonate. Reaction of Bestmann's reagent with aldehydes gives terminal alkynes often in very high yield.
The use of the milder potassium carbonate makes this procedure much more compatible with a wide variety of functional groups.
Recently a safer and more scalable approach has been developed for the synthesis of alkynes from aldehydes. This protocol takes advantage of a stable sulfonyl azide, rather than tosyl azide, for the in situ generation of the Ohira−Bestmann reagent.
Another modification for less reactive aldehydes is made by replacement of potassium carbonate with caesium carbonate in MeOH and results in a drastic yield increase.
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