Odessa Governorate was a territorial division or gubernia of the Ukrainian SSR (Ukraine) that was created in January 1920 on decision of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee (Soviet regime). The creation of gubernia occurred during the Kherson Governorate partition when its western part became Odessa Governorate, while its eastern part was eventually renamed into the Mykolaiv Governorate.

The western parts of the Odessa Governorate were later served as a foundation in creating of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, while the Mykolaiv Governorate was absorbed and merged with the rest of Odessa Governorate.

In 1925 Odessa Governorate was dissolved during the administrative reform of 1925.

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