Oberschlesische Eisenbahn

The Upper Silesian Railway (German: Oberschlesische Eisenbahn, OSE, Polish: Kolej Górnośląska) was one of the earliest railways in Silesia, and the first in the territories of partitioned Poland. It connected Wrocław (Breslau) in Lower Silesia with Mysłowice (Myslowitz) in Upper Silesia. The first section was opened in 1842 and the last in 1846, after which it ran until merged into the Prussian state railways in 1883.

First plans for a railway in Upper Silesia date to the early 19th century, but the construction work began only in 1841. The railway was built by the Oberschlesische Eisenbahn AG (OSE), a private company, with support from the Prussian government. Operated by the OSE, the Upper Silesian Railway (Oberschlesische Eisenbahn) was the first railway line in Poland, situated in the Prussian partition of the partitioned Polish territories. In 1842 it extended from Wrocław via Oława to Brzeg. The train from Wrocław to Oława on 1 May 1842, the first section of the Upper Silesian Railway to be opened, was also the first train ride within the borders of modern Poland. By August that year it reached Brzeg, and by 29 May next year, Opole. The construction slowed afterward and the next section, to Gliwice, was opened on 2 November 1845, reaching later that month. In the years thereafter it was steadily expanded until it reached Katowice and Mysłowice by 3 October 1846, by which time the line was declared complete. At that time the line was 196.3 kilometres (122.0 mi) long, and its tracks spanned 104 new bridges.

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