OZET

OZET (Russian: ОЗЕТ, Общество землеустройства еврейских трудящихся) was public Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land in the Soviet Union in the period from 1925 to 1938. Some English sources use the word "Working" instead of "Toiling".

The principal sources of livelihood of the Jews in the Russian Empire were trade and small crafts. After the October Revolution, the Russian Civil War and instability and devastation that followed, these traditional occupations withered. Dictatorship of proletariat, War Communism and command economy were accompanied by persecution of those deemed class enemies or exploiters. As a result, in the early 1920s more than a third of the Jewish population of the USSR were officially counted as lishenets, disenfranchised people. Significant part of the population of schtetls (a small town with a large Jewish population in Central and Eastern Europe until the Holocaust), in former Pale of Settlement moved to big cities.

In order to resolve socio-economic difficulties of the Russian Jews and promote agricultural labor among them, on January 17, 1925 the CPSU formally created a government committee, the Komzet, and a complementary public society, the OZET.

While the land for new kolkhozes was contributed and distributed by the Soviet government via the Komzet, the job of the OZET was assisting in moving settlers to a new location, housebuilding, irrigation, training, providing them with cattle and agricultural tools, education, medical and cultural services. The funds were to be provided by private donations, charities and lotteries.

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