Norway competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. Since the nation's official debut in 1900, Norwegian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for two occasions: the sparsely attended 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis and the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its partial support to the United States-led boycott.

Norwegian Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sports sent a team of 62 athletes, 29 men and 33 women, to compete in 13 sports at the Games. For only the fourth time in Olympic history, Norwegian roster featured more female athletes than males, due to the attendance of the women's handball squad at the Games, returning as two-time defending champions. Among the sports represented by its athletes, Norway marked its debut in golf (new to the 2016 Games) and triathlon, as well as its return to taekwondo after being absent from London 2012.

Topping the list of athletes on the Norwegian roster were mountain biker and Athens 2004 champion Gunn-Rita Dahle Flesjå, who qualified for her fifth Olympic cross-country race as the oldest and most experienced female competitor (aged 43), and rowing legend Olaf Tufte, who sought to extend his career resume with a fourth medal at his sixth straight Olympics.

Apart from Flesjå and Tufte, several Norwegian athletes also returned to compete in Rio de Janeiro, including handball team captain Kari Aalvik Grimsbø, middle-distance runner Henrik Ingebrigtsen in the men's 1500 m, Gambian-born sprinter Jaysuma Saidy Ndure, and small-bore rifle shooter and London 2012 top 8 finalist Ole-Kristian Bryhn, who was nominated by the committee to lead the delegation as the flag bearer in the opening ceremony.

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