Norplant
| Levonorgestrel-releasing implant | |
|---|---|
| Background | |
| Type | Hormonal Progestogen implant |
| First use | 1983 (Finland) |
| Trade names | Norplant, Jadelle, Sino-implant (II), others |
| Failure rates (first year) | |
| Perfect use | 0.05% |
| Typical use | 0.05% |
| Usage | |
| Duration effect | up to 5 years |
| Reversibility | Provided correctly inserted |
| User reminders | Alternative method required after 5 years |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | No |
| Weight | No proven effect |
| Period disadvantages | irregular light spotting |
| Benefits | No further user action needed |
| Medical notes | |
| Possible scarring and difficulty in removal | |
Levonorgestrel-releasing implant, sold under the brand name Jadelle among others, is a device made up of a two rods of levonorgestrel used for birth control. It is one of the most effective forms of birth control with a one-year failure rate around 0.05%. The device is placed under the skin and lasts for up to five years. It may be used by women who have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease and therefore cannot use an intrauterine device. Following removal fertility quickly returns.
It is generally well tolerated with few significant side effects. Side effects may include irregular menstrual periods, no periods, headaches, and breast pain. Use is not recommended in people with significant liver disease. The levonorgestrel implant is a type of long-acting reversible birth control. It primarily works by stopping ovulation and by thickening the mucous around the cervix.
A levonorgestrel-releasing implant was approved for medical use in 1983 in Finland and in the United States in 1990. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 8.93 to 13.29 USD per set. Levonorgestrel implants are approved in more than 60 countries and used by more than seven million women. As of 2015 it is approved but not available in the United States.
Norplant is 99% – 99.95% effective at preventing pregnancy, and is one of the most reliable, though not the most available, forms of birth control.Norplant prevents pregnancy through multiple methods: by preventing ovulation, which means that no eggs are released for fertilization; by thickening the mucus of the cervix, which prevents sperm from entering; and by thinning the lining of the uterus, which makes implantation of an embryo less likely.
...
Wikipedia