Nongae

Nongae
Hangul	논개
Hanja	論介
Revised Romanization	Non-gae
McCune–Reischauer	Non'gae

Nongae (? ~ 1593) was a gisaeng of Jinju in the late 16th century, born in Jangsu, Jeolla province. She has been taught and celebrated as one of the examples of personal contributions made by Korean women.

Born to Ju Dal-moon, who seems to have been a learned scholar, and Mrs. Park, Nongae was a late-born child to the couple, whose son died young at age fifteen. When she was just 4, her father died, and her extended family plotted to take her, wanting to make her the wife of a male heir. Her mother soon found out and stole her away but was caught and jailed. Her trial was overseen by province official Choi Kyong Hwe, who ruled on behalf of her innocence, but Nongae, seeing that she had no place to go and no family to trust, at the age of 17 became his concubine and lived in his house.

In 1592, Japanese forces invaded the Korean peninsula in the Imjin war, during which Official Choi, Nongae's husband, was assassinated. Afterwards, the Japanese eventually succeeded in their invasion of Suyeong Fortress (now near Jinju area). To celebrate the victory, soldiers forced all the kisaeng, female entertainers, to serve them at the Chokseongnu Pavilion on a cliff that overlooked the Nam River. Nongae was called to entertain the victorious Japanese generals alongside the other kisaeng. She led the general Keyamura Rokusuke (毛谷村六助) to the cliffside, where she embraced him, clasped her fingers with rings that locked her around him, and cast herself along with the general into the river, killing them both. It is said that she sacrificed herself not only in revenge for her husband's murder but also out of love for her country. The rock from which she leapt has come to be known as Uiam (의암, 義巖), "the Rock of Righteousness."

Memorials for Nongae seem to have started in the late 19th century, evidence for which is found in the record Gyobang Gayo written by a local official, Jeong Hyun Seok. It is said the festival called Uiam Byeolje took place every June to pay respects to her spirit. Currently, there is a shrine to the memory of Nongae near Chokseongnu, in central Jinju. Around the fortress, the Nongae festival has been celebrated since 2002 every May to honor and preserve the memory of her patriotic spirit.

The portrait of Nongae painted by Kim Eun-ho had been kept in Jinju fortress, whereas his drawing was forcibly removed by a local civil group that argued Painter Kim was one of the renowned pro-Japanese artists during the Colonial Period. Following on the regional government's support, a newly executed painting was adopted in 2008.

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