Non-Indo-European

This set of lists of language families also includes language isolates, unclassified languages and other types.

Ethnologue 18 lists the following families as containing at least 1% of the 7,472 known languages in the world:

Glottolog 2.4 lists the following as the largest families:

Language counts can vary significantly depending on what is considered a dialect; for example Lyle Campbell counts 27 Otomanguean languages, although he, Ethnologue and Glottolog disagree as to which languages belong in the family.

In the following, each bullet item is a known or suspected language family. Phyla with historically wide geographical distributions but comparatively few current-day speakers include Eskimo–Aleut, Na-Dené, Algic, Quechuan and Nilo-Saharan.

The geographic headings over them are meant solely as a tool for grouping families into collections, more comprehensible than an unstructured list of a few hundred independent families. Geographic relationship is convenient for that purpose, but these headings are not a suggestion of any "super-families" phylogenetically relating the families named.

The number of individual languages in a family and the number of their speakers are only rough estimates: see dialect or language and linguistic demography for further explanation.

Language isolates are languages which are not part of any known family and they can be alternatively described as being its sole representants.

Languages are considered unclassified either because, for one reason or another, little effort has been made to compare them with other languages or more commonly, because they are too poorly documented to permit reliable classification: most such languages are extinct and, most likely, will never be known well enough to classify.

This section lists extinct languages and families which have no known living relatives; while a minority of these is well known but is still classified as genetically independent (like the ancient Sumerian language), the lack of attestation makes many of these hard to put into larger groups.

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