Nitrososphaera gargensis
| Nitrososphaera gargensis | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Archaea |
| Kingdom: | "Proteoarchaeota" |
| Phylum: | Thaumarchaeota |
| Class: | Nitrososphaeria |
| Order: | Nitrososphaerales |
| Family: | Nitrososphaeraceae |
| Genus: | Nitrososphaera |
| Species: | N. gargensis |
| Binomial name | |
|
Nitrososphaera gargensis Zhalnina et al. 2014 |
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Nitrososphaera gargensis is a non-pathogenic, small cocci measuring 0.9 ± 0.3 μm in diameter.N. gargensis is observed in small abnormal cocci groupings and utilizes flagella to move via chemotaxis. Being an Archaeon, Nitrososphaera gargensis has a cell membrane composed of crenarchaeol, its isomer, and a distinct glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT), which is significant in identifying ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). The organism plays a role in influencing ocean communities and food production.
Nitrososphaera gargensis was discovered in a Garga hot spring in Siberia by Hatzenpichler and associates in 2008. The organism was isolated from a sample taken from the Siberian hot springs that was actually located in a microbial mat. Hatzenpichler et al. later grew the culture aerobically at 46℃ with ammonium and bicarbonate. In 2007, the first indications of Nitrososphaera gargensis were found through testing a hot spring sample for ammonia oxidizers. The researchers found ammonia-oxidizing archaea instead of the expected bacteria with this capability since no previous archaea had been found to be able to complete this process. Through analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences and performing the scientific methods of catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD)-FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and microautoradiography, the researchers determined that the organism in the sample was an ammonia-oxidizing archaea and classified this organism as Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis.
Nitrososphaera gargensis' genome is 2.83 Mb in size with a GC content of 48%, which is much larger than most other ammonia-oxidizing archaea. The organism encodes for 3565 protein genes and 37 RNA genes.N. gargensis also contains a CRISPR-Cas type I system able to target viral DNA, gene duplications in its chaperones, and numerous transposase genes.
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