Nitazoxanide

Nitazoxanide

Clinical data
Trade names	Alinia, Nizonide, and others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a603017
License data	US FDA: Nitazoxanide
Pregnancy category	US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	Oral
Drug class	Antiprotozoal Broad-spectrum antiparasitic Broad-spectrum antiviral
ATC code	P01AX11 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	Nitazoxanide: ? Tizoxanide: over 99%
Metabolism	Rapidly hydrolyzed to tizoxanide
Metabolites	tizoxanide tizoxanide glucuronide
Biological half-life	3.5 hours
Excretion	Renal, biliary, and fecal
Identifiers
IUPAC name [2-[(5-Nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]ethanoate
CAS Number	55981-09-4 Y
PubChem (CID)	41684
DrugBank	DB00507 Y
ChemSpider	38037 Y
UNII	SOA12P041N Y
KEGG	D02486 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1401 Y
NIAID ChemDB	057131
ECHA InfoCard	100.054.465
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C12H9N3O5S
Molar mass	307.283 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(Nc1ncc(s1)[N+]([O-])=O)c2ccccc2OC(=O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C12H9N3O5S/c1-7(16)20-9-5-3-2-4-8(9)11(17)14-12-13-6-10(21-12)15(18)19/h2-6H,1H3,(H,13,14,17) Y Key:YQNQNVDNTFHQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is used in medicine for the treatment of various helminthic, protozoal, and viral infections. It is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent individuals and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide has also been shown to have in vitro antiparasitic activity and clinical treatment efficacy for infections caused by other protozoa and helminths; emerging evidence suggests that it possesses efficacy in treating a number of viral infections as well.

Chemically, nitazoxanide is the prototype member of the thiazolides, a class of drugs which are synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivatives with antiparasitic and antiviral activity.Tizoxanide, an active metabolite of nitazoxanide in humans, is also an antiparasitic drug of the thiazolide class.

Nitazoxanide is an effective first-line treatment for infection by species and is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent adults and children. It is also an effective treatment option for infections caused by other protozoa and helminths (e.g., Entamoeba histolytica,Hymenolepis nana,Ascaris lumbricoides, and Cyclospora cayetanensis).