Nikolai Dobrolyubov
| Nikolay Dobrolyubov | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
February 5, 1836 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire |
| Died | November 29, 1861 (aged 25) St. Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Period | 1850s–1860s |
| Genre | Literary criticism, journalism, poetry |
Nikolay Alexandrovich Dobrolyubov (Russian: Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Добролю́бов; IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ dəbrɐˈlʲubəf]; February 5, 1836 – November 29, 1861) was a Russian literary critic, journalist, poet and revolutionary democrat.
Dobrolyubov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, where his father was a priest. He attended school at a seminary from 1848 to 1853. He was considered a prodigy by his teachers in the seminary, and at home he spent most of his time in his father's library, reading books on science and art. By the age of thirteen he was writing poetry and translating verses from Roman poets such as Horace. In 1853 he went to St. Petersburg and entered the University. Following the deaths of both of his parents, in 1854, he assumed responsibility for his brothers and sisters. He worked as a tutor and translator in order to support his family and continue his studies. His heavy workload and the stress of his position had a negative effect on his health.
During his years at the University he organized an underground democratic circle, issued a manuscript newspaper, and led the student's struggle against the reactionary University administration. His poems On the 50th Birthday of N. I. Grech (1854), and Ode on the Death of Nicholas I (1855), copies of which were distributed outside the University, showed his hostile attitude toward the .
In 1856 he met the influential critic Nikolay Chernyshevsky, and the publisher Nikolay Nekrasov. He soon began publishing his works in Nekrasov's popular journal The Contemporary. In 1857, after his graduation from the University, he joined the staff of The Contemporary as head of the critical department. Over the next four years he produced several volumes of important critical essays. One of his best known works was his essay What is Oblomovism?, based on his analysis of the novel Oblomov by Ivan Goncharov.
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