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Nicolas de Condorcet

Nicolas de Condorcet
Nicolas de Condorcet.PNG
Portrait of Marquis of Condorcet by Jean-Baptiste Greuze (ca. 1780-90)
Member of the National Convention
for Aisne
In office
20 September 1792 – 8 July 1793
Preceded by Louis-Jean-Samuel Joly de Bammeville
Succeeded by Vacant (1794–1795)
Successor unknown
Constituency Saint-Quentin
Member of the Legislative Assembly
for Seine
In office
6 September 1791 – 6 September 1792
Succeeded by Joseph François Laignelot
Constituency Paris
Personal details
Born (1743-09-17)17 September 1743
Ribemont, Picardy, France
Died 28 March 1794(1794-03-28) (aged 50)
Bourg-la-Reine, France
Political party Girondin
Spouse(s) Sophie de Condorcet (m. 1786; d. 1794)
Children Alexandrine de Caritat de Condorcet
Alma mater College of Navarre
Profession Scholar, mathematician, philosopher
Religion Roman Catholicism

Philosophy career
Notable work Girondin constitutional project, Progress of the Human Mind
Era 18th century
Region Western Philosophers
School Enlightenment
Main interests
Mathematics, politics
Notable ideas
Condorcet criterion, Condorcet's jury theorem, Condorcet method, Voting paradox

Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (French: [maʁi ʒɑ̃n‿ɑ̃twan nikola də kaʁita kɔ̃dɔʁsɛ]; 17 September 1743 – 28 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist whose Condorcet method in voting tally selects the candidate who would beat each of the other candidates in a run-off election. Unlike many of his contemporaries, he advocated a liberal economy, free and equal public instruction, constitutionalism, and equal rights for women and people of all races. His ideas and writings were said to embody the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment and rationalism, and remain influential to this day. He died a mysterious death in prison after a period of flight from French Revolutionary authorities.

Condorcet was born in Ribemont (in present-day Aisne), and descended from the ancient family of Caritat, who took their title from the town of Condorcet in Dauphiné, of which they were long-time residents. Fatherless at a young age, he was raised by his devoutly religious mother. He was educated at the Jesuit College in Reims and at the Collège de Navarre in Paris, where he quickly showed his intellectual ability, and gained his first public distinctions in mathematics. When he was sixteen, his analytical abilities gained the praise of Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Alexis Clairaut; soon, Condorcet would study under d'Alembert.


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