Niau
NASA picture of Niau Atoll
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 Niau
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| Geography | |
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| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 16°9′15″S 146°21′20.4″W / 16.15417°S 146.355667°WCoordinates: 16°9′15″S 146°21′20.4″W / 16.15417°S 146.355667°W |
| Archipelago | Tuamotus |
| Area | 33 km2 (13 sq mi) (lagoon) 20 km2 (8 sq mi) (above water) |
| Length | 8 km (5 mi) |
| Administration | |
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France
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| Overseas collectivity | French Polynesia |
| Administrative subdivision | Tuamotus |
| Commune | Fakarava |
| Largest settlement | Tupana |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 226 (2012) |
Niau is a small atoll in French Polynesia, in the commune of Fakarava (Tuamotu archipelago). This atoll has a broad fringing reef, a diameter of 8 km and an area of 20 km².
Niau's lagoon is swampy, hypersaline and entirely enclosed. The narrow strip of land surrounding the lagoon is covered by marsh vegetation. The lagoon area is 33 km² and it has an unusual green colour.
The only human settlement on Niau is Tupana, population 226 (as of 2012[update]).
The first recorded European to visit Niau was a German explorer Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820 on ships the Vostok and Mirni. He named this island Greig.
Niau is administratively part of the commune of Fakarava, which consists of the island Fakarava, as well as the atolls of Aratika, Kauehi, Niau, Raraka, Taiaro and Toau.
Niau is one of the few locations where the original Tuamotu tropical moist forest ecosystem (known locally as feo) has been preserved. This mixed broadleaf forest ecosystem has disappeared on almost all other atolls. The forest has been preserved in the central parts of the island. It contains several endemic species of plants and animals.
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