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Neutrinos

Neutrino/Antineutrino
FirstNeutrinoEventAnnotated.jpg
The first use of a hydrogen bubble chamber to detect neutrinos, on 13 November 1970, at Argonne National Laboratory. A neutrino hits a proton in a hydrogen atom. The collision occurs at the point where three tracks emanate on the right of the photograph.
Composition Elementary particle
Statistics Fermionic
Generation First, second and third
Interactions Weak interaction and gravitation
Symbol
ν
e
,
ν
μ
,
ν
τ
,
ν
e
,
ν
μ
,
ν
τ
Antiparticle Opposite chirality from particle
Theorized


ν
e
(Electron neutrino): Wolfgang Pauli (1930)

ν
μ
(Muon neutrino): Late 1940s


ν
τ
(Tau neutrino): Mid 1970s
Discovered
ν
e
: Clyde Cowan, Frederick Reines (1956)

ν
μ
: Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger (1962)

ν
τ
: DONUT collaboration (2000)
Types 3 – electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino
Mass ≤ 0.120 eV/c2 (95% confidence level, sum of 3 flavors)
Electric charge e
Spin 1/2
Weak isospin LH: +1/2, RH: 0
Weak hypercharge LH: -1, RH: 0
BL −1
X −3


ν
e
(Electron neutrino): Wolfgang Pauli (1930)

ν
μ
(Muon neutrino): Late 1940s

A neutrino (/nˈtrn/ or /njˈtrn/) (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with half-integer spin) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity. The mass of the neutrino is much smaller than that of the other known elementary particles.

The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small (-ino) that it was originally thought to be zero. The weak force has a very short range, gravity is extremely weak on the subatomic scale, and neutrinos, as leptons, do not participate in the strong interaction. Thus, neutrinos typically pass through normal matter unimpeded and undetected.


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