Neurokinin A

TAC1 tachykinin, precursor 1
Solution structure of the tachykinin peptide neurokinin a in the presence of micelles.
Identifiers
Symbol	TAC1
Alt. symbols	TAC2, NKNA
Entrez	6863
HUGO	11517
OMIM	162320
RefSeq	NM_013998
UniProt	P20366
Other data
Locus	Chr. 7 q21-q22

Neurokinin A

Identifiers
CAS Number	86933-74-6 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	4470818 N
IUPHAR/BPS	2089
MeSH	Neurokinin+A
PubChem CID	55582
InChI InChI=1S/C50H80N14O14S/c1-26(2)18-34(45(73)58-32(42(53)70)15-17-79-6)57-38(67)23-55-49(77)40(27(3)4)63-47(75)35(19-29-12-8-7-9-13-29)60-48(76)37(24-65)62-46(74)36(21-39(68)69)61-50(78)41(28(5)66)64-44(72)33(14-10-11-16-51)59-43(71)31(52)20-30-22-54-25-56-30/h7-9,12-13,22,25-28,31-37,40-41,65-66H,10-11,14-21,23-24,51-52H2,1-6H3,(H2,53,70)(H,54,56)(H,55,77)(H,57,67)(H,58,73)(H,59,71)(H,60,76)(H,61,78)(H,62,74)(H,63,75)(H,64,72)(H,68,69)/t28-,31+,32+,33+,34+,35+,36+,37+,40+,41+/m1/s1 N Key: HEAUFJZALFKPBA-JPQUDPSNSA-N N InChI=1/C50H80N14O14S/c1-26(2)18-34(45(73)58-32(42(53)70)15-17-79-6)57-38(67)23-55-49(77)40(27(3)4)63-47(75)35(19-29-12-8-7-9-13-29)60-48(76)37(24-65)62-46(74)36(21-39(68)69)61-50(78)41(28(5)66)64-44(72)33(14-10-11-16-51)59-43(71)31(52)20-30-22-54-25-56-30/h7-9,12-13,22,25-28,31-37,40-41,65-66H,10-11,14-21,23-24,51-52H2,1-6H3,(H2,53,70)(H,54,56)(H,55,77)(H,57,67)(H,58,73)(H,59,71)(H,60,76)(H,61,78)(H,62,74)(H,63,75)(H,64,72)(H,68,69)/t28-,31+,32+,33+,34+,35+,36+,37+,40+,41+/m1/s1 Key: HEAUFJZALFKPBA-JPQUDPSNBV
SMILES C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2cnc[nH]2)N)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C50H80N14O14S
Molar mass	1133.32
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Neurokinin A, formerly known as Substance K, is a neurologically active peptide translated from the pre-protachykinin gene. Neurokinin A has many excitatory effects on mammalian nervous systems and is also influential on the mammalian inflammatory and pain responses.

Neurokinin A (formally known as substance K) is a member of the tachykinin family of neuropeptide neurotransmitters. Tachykinins are important contributors to nociceptive processing, satiety, and smooth muscle contraction. Tachykinins are known to be highly excitatory neurotransmitters in major central neural systems. Neurokinin A is ubiquitous in both the central and peripheral mammalian nervous systems, and seems to be involved in reactions to pain and the inflammatory responses. It is produced from the same preprotachykinin A gene as the neuropeptide substance P. Both substance P and neurokinin A are encoded by the same mRNA, which when alternatively spliced can be translated into either compound. It has various roles in the body of humans and other animals, specifically stimulation of extravascular smooth muscle, vasodilation, hypertensive action, immune system activation, and pain management. The deduced amino acid sequence of neurokinin A is as follows:

with amidation at the C-terminus.

Modified from: Sun J, Ramnath RD, Tamizhselvi R, Bhatia M."Neurokinin A engages neurokinin-1 receptor to induce NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in murine macrophages: implications of ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/Akt pathways." Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):C679-91

Like Substance P [SP], Neurokinin A is present in excitatory neurons and secretory cells of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Additionally both SP neurokinin A is found in the neurosensory system and modulates a wide range of inflammatory and tissue repairing processes [1]. In various tissues, such as the skin, the release of bioactive tachykinins by sensory nerve fibers C, that extend from the dorsal root ganglia into the epidermis, directly influence the activity of keratinocytes. Inflammation, tissue healing and cell proliferation have been linked to both SP and neurokinin A release into surrounding tissues.