Neuroglial
| Neuroglia | |
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Illustration of the four different types of glial cells found in the central nervous system: ependymal cells (light pink), astrocytes (green), microglial cells (dark red), and oligodendrocytes (light blue).
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| Identifiers | |
| MeSH | Neuroglia |
| Code | TH H2.00.06.2.00001 |
| TA | A14.0.00.005 |
| TH | H2.00.06.2.00001 |
| FMA | 54541 |
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Anatomical terminology
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Neuroglia also called glial cells, or simply glia (Greek γλία and γλοία "glue"; pronounced in English as either /ˈɡliːə/ or /ˈɡlaɪə/), are non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the central nervous system, glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia, and in the peripheral nervous system glial cells include Schwann cells and satellite cells.
As the Greek name implies, glia are commonly known as the glue of the nervous system; however, this is not fully accurate. Glia were discovered in 1856, by the pathologist Rudolf Virchow in his search for a "connective tissue" in the brain.Neuroscience currently identifies four main functions of glial cells:
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