Nethinim

Nethinim (or Netinim, or Nathinites or Nathineans) (Hebrew: הַנְּתִינִים‎‎, "the given ones") was the name given to the Temple assistants in ancient Jerusalem. The term was applied originally in the Book of Joshua (where it is found in its verbal form) to the Gibeonites who converted during the time of Joshua, later in the Book of Ezra they include the Avdei Shlomo ("Servants of Solomon") the descendants of the remnant of the Canaanite people in the land.

The noun occurs 18 times in the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, always in the plural. (1 Chr. 9:2; Ezra 2:43,58,70; 7:7,24; 8:17,20; Neh. 3:26,31; 7:46,60,73; 10:28; 11:3,21). Lexicons generally regard Netinim (or Natin) as derived from the semitic root N-T-N, "to give."

In English "Nethinim" is one of several Hebrew words which are rather than in the King James Version (1611), although incorrectly as "Nethinims" duplicating the Hebrew plural -im with an additional and English -s. It is also the most common academic spelling. The spelling "Nathinites" is found in the Douay-Rheims Version and consequently in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1911) article "Nathinites."

In Greek the Septuagint renders the with οἱ Ναθιναῖοι, hoi Nathinaioi "the Nathinites" (Ezra 2:43; Neh 11:3), transliterated ναθινιν (Ezra 2:58); and on only one occasion, translated into Greek - as οἱ δεδομένοι hoi dedoménoi, "the given ones" (1 Chron 9:2). Josephus renders the term as ἰερόδουλοι ierodouloi "temple servants" (Antiquities of the Jews, 11.1. 6). The Vulgate has Latin: Nathinæi). In Syriac the Peshitta follows the Hebrew, except that 1 Chron. 9 renders netinim with Syriac geyora pl., equivalent of Hebrew gerim.

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