Nereu de Oliveira Ramos
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His Excellency Nereu Ramos |
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|---|---|
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| 20th President of Brazil | |
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In office 11 November 1955 – 31 January 1956 |
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| Vice President | None |
| Preceded by | Carlos Luz |
| Succeeded by | Juscelino Kubitschek |
| 12th Vice President of Brazil | |
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In office 19 September 1946 – 31 January 1951 |
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| President | Eurico Gaspar Dutra |
| Preceded by | Fernando de Melo Viana |
| Succeeded by | Café Filho |
| Minister of Justice and Interior Affairs | |
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In office 31 January 1956 – 4 November 1957 |
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| President | Juscelino Kubitschek |
| Preceded by | Meneses Pimentel |
| Succeeded by | Eurico Sales |
| Minister of Education | |
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In office 3 October 1956 – 4 November 1956 |
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| President | Juscelino Kubitschek |
| Preceded by | Celso Brant |
| Succeeded by | Clóvis da Gama |
| President of the Chamber of Deputies | |
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In office 1 February 1951 – 1 February 1955 |
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| Preceded by | Carlos Cirilo Júnior |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Luz |
| President of the Federal Senate | |
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In office 31 January 1946 – 31 January 1951 |
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| Preceded by | Valdomiro Magalhães |
| Succeeded by | Café Filho |
| Federal Intervenor in Santa Catarina | |
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In office 16 November 1937 – 6 November 1945 |
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| Appointed by | Getúlio Vargas |
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | Luís Gallotti |
| 13th Governor of Santa Catarina | |
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In office 1 May 1935 – 16 November 1937 |
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| Preceded by | Aristiliano Ramos |
| Succeeded by | Aderbal Ramos da Silva |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos 3 September 1888 Lages, Santa Catarina, Empire of Brazil |
| Died | May 16, 1958 (aged 69) São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Political party | Social Democratic Party – PSD |
| Signature |  |
Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (Portuguese pronunciation: [neˈrew dʒi oliˈvejrɐ ˈʁɐ̃mus]; 3 September 1888 – 16 June 1958) was a Brazilian political figure. He briefly served as President of Brazil in the aftermath of the political crisis which culminated in the suicide of President Getúlio Vargas.
Ramos was Vice President of the Republic between 1946 and 1951. The 1945 Presidential elections were held for the office of President only, but the Constitution adopted on 18 September 1946 created the office of Vice President, and established that the Constituent Assembly would choose the first Vice President and swear him in, in the day following the promulgation of the Constitution. Nereu Ramos, until then a Senator for Santa Catarina and a member of the Constituent Assembly, was elected Vice President in that special election. In his capacity as Vice President of the Republic, Ramos served as President of the Senate.
Ramos was re–elected in 1954 to the Federal Senate as a representative from Santa Catarina. He became the Senate's President pro tempore in the following year. By this stage President Getúlio Vargas had taken his own life. There followed a series of brief presidential reigns: Vargas's Vice President and successor, Café Filho, took a leave of absence, declaring himself unable to discharge the powers of the presidency due to poor health. By the time President Café Filho took his leave of absence, presidential elections for the next five–year term had been held, and Juscelino Kubitschek had been elected. Many people suspected that there would be a coup d'état to prevent the inauguration of the President–elect. Army Minister Henrique Teixeira Lott subscribed to that view, and he considered that President Café Filho had taken his leave of absence because he was in agreement with the supposed coup forces but unwilling to lead the coup himself. His leave of absence allowed the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, Carlos Luz, to assume the presidency as Acting President, and Luz was seen as hostile to the inauguration of the President–elect and likely to lead a coup to prevent it. Thus, only 48 hours after Café Filho's declaration of incapacity and the assumption of the powers of the presidency by Carlos Luz, Army Minister Lott led what he called a preventive counter-coup aimed at securing the inauguration of the President–elect chosen by the people, by avoiding the supposed coup that Luz would allegedly lead. In that preventive counter-coup, Luz was deposed, Café Filho was prohibited from resuming the powers and duties of the presidency (although he was not deposed, he was kept under house arrest for the remaining three months of his presidential term, and was barred from declaring his incapacity terminated), and the next man in the line of presidential succession, Senator Nereu Ramos, the Senate's President pro tempore assumed the powers of the presidency in the place of Carlos Luz.
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