Neocallimastigaceae
| Neocallimastigomycota | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: |
Neocallimastigomycota M.J. Powell 2007 |
| Class: |
Neocallimastigomycetes M.J. Powell 2007 |
| Order: |
Neocallimastigales J.L. Li, I.B. Heath & L. Packer |
| Family: | Neocallimastigaceae |
| Type genus | |
|
Neocallimastix (I.B. Heath 1983) Vavra & Joyon |
|
| Genera | |
|
Anaeromyces |
|
Anaeromyces
Buwchfawromyces
Caecomyces
Cyllamyces
Neocallimastix
Oontomyces
Orpinomyces
Piromyces
Neocallimastigomycota is a division of anaerobic fungi, found in the digestive tracts of herbivores. It encompasses only one family.
The fungi in Neocallimastigomycota were first described by Orpin in 1975, based on motile cells present in the rumen of sheep. Although the cells were first believed to be flagellates, it has since been shown that they are fungi related to the core chytrids. Prior to this, the microbial population of the rumen was believed to consist only of bacteria and protozoa. Since their discovery they have been isolated from the digestive tracts of over 50 herbivores, including ruminant and non-ruminant mammals and herbivorous reptiles.
Neocallimastigomycota have also been found in humans.
These fungi reproduce in the stomach of ruminants through the use of zoospores that bears a kinetosome but lacks the nonflagellated centriole known in most chytrids, and have been known to utilize horizontal gene transfer in their development of xylanase (from bacteria) and other glucanases. The nuclear envelopes of their cells are notable for remaining intact throughout mitosis.
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